原文信息:[1]Giovanni Ca scante, , Ca rlos Santamarina, and , Najwa Yassir. Flexural excitation in a standard torsional-resonant column device[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1998, 35(3):478-490.(原版論文請點擊“這里”下載,提取碼6666)
Abstract: The excitation of specimens in multiple modes enhances the characterization of granular materials. The purpose of this paper is to present the equipment modification and test procedure and data reduction for flexural excitation in a standard torsional-resonant column device. Typical results for dry and wet sand specimens are also presented. A salient advantage of the modified device is that it permits testing shear stiffness (torsional excitation) and longitudinal stiffness (flexural excitation) at frequencies which are relevant to high-resolution seismics and near-surface studies (approx. 50–200 Hz). High attenuation in flexural mode is measured in saturated and partially saturated specimens; local flow is suspected as a prevailing loss mechanism. Velocity and damping ratios are complementary indicators of saturation conditions prevailing in the specimen.
本研究中土骨架彈性變形引起的流動水量估計約為 0.04 cm3(對應于? max = 10–5,等式 [7])。這個體積小到足以容納在橡皮膜土壤-孔隙界面。然后,由縱向或彎曲激發引起的超孔隙壓力將向橡皮膜衰減(在兩種激發中的橫向流動)。橡皮膜順應性的影響在低頻時最大化,并且流體的壓縮剛度不會對 P 波速度產生影響。
這項研究是波-地介質相互作用和應用研究的一部分。加拿大自然科學和工程研究委員會和滑鐵盧大學 ID 計劃提供了支持。
參考
Biarez, J., Fleureau, J.M., and Taibi, S. 1993. Constitutive model for unsaturated granular media. In Powders and grains. Edited by C. Thornton. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 51–58.
Cascante, G. 1996. Low strain measurements with mechanical waves in geomaterials—experimental micromechanics. Ph.D. thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.
Cascante, G., and Santamarina, J.C. 1996. Interparticle contact behaviour and wave propagation. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 122(10): 831–839.
Cascante, G., and Santamarina, J.C. 1997. Low strain measurements using random noise excitation. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 20(1): 29–39.
Domenico, S.N., and Danbom, S.H. 1987. Shear-wave technology in petroleum exploration—past, current, and future. In Shear-wave exploration. Geophysical development series. Vol. 1. Edited by S.H. Danbom and S.N. Domenico. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, Okla., pp. 3–18.
Dutta, N.C. 1987. Geopressure. Geophysics Reprint Series No.7. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, Okla., pp. 227–229.
Eastwood, R.L., and Castagna, J.P. 1987. Interpretation of Vp/Vs ratios from sonic logs. In Shear-wave exploration. Geophysical development series. Vol. 1. Edited by S.H. Danbom and S.N. Domenico. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, Okla., pp. 139–153.
Fam, M., and Santamarina, J.C. 1995. Study of complementary mechanical and electromagnetic wave measurements in an oedometer. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 18(3): 307–314.
Feda, J. 1982. Mechanics of particulate materials—the principles. Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 30. Elsevier-Academia, New York.
Fratta, D., and Santamarina, J.C. 1996. Wave propagation in soils: multi-mode, wideband testing in a waveguide device. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 19(2): 130–140.
Futterman, W.I. 1962. Dispersive body waves. Journal of Geophysical Research, 67(13): 5279–5291.
Goddard, J.D. 1990. Nonlinear elasticity and pressure-dependent wave speeds in granular media. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 430: 105–131.
Hardin, B.O., and Drnevich, V.P. 1972. Shear modulus and damping in soils: measurements and parameter effects. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, 98: 603–624.
Kolsky, H. 1963. Stress waves in solids. Dover Publications Inc., New York.
Murphy, W.F. 1982. Effects of partial water saturation on attenuation in massilon sandstone and Vycor porous glass. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 71(6): 1458–1467.
Petrakis, E., and Dobry, R. 1987. Micromechanical modeling of granular soil at small strain by arrays of elastic spheres. Department of Civil Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y., Report CE-87-02, pp. 90–115.
Richart, F.E., Jr., Hall, J.R., and Woods, R.D. 1970. Vibration of soils and foundations. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Santamarina, J.C., and Cascante, G. 1996. Stress anisotropy and wave propagation: a micromechanical view. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33(5): 770–782.
Thomsen, L. 1996. Poisson was not a rock physicist, either! The Leading Edge, 15: 852–855.
Toks?z, M.N., Chen, C.H., and Timur, A. 1976. Velocities of seismic waves in porous rocks. Geophysics, 44: 621–645.
Wang, Z., and Nur, A. 1992. Elastic wave velocities in porous media: a theoretical recipe. Seismic and Acoustic Velocities in Reservoir Rocks, Vol. 2, pp. 1–35.
White, J.E. 1975. Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation. Geophysics, 40: 224–232.
Winkler, K., and Nur, A. 1982. Seismic attenuation: effects of pore fluids and frictional sliding. Geophysics, 47: 1–15.